São Paulo: land change, 2016–2024
Two Sentinel-2 satellite images of a 20 km square around São Paulo, from 2016-01-08 and 2024-12-31, were classified by a ResNet18 model trained on EuroSAT. Every 640 m cell is put in one of four land-cover groups, and the two dates are compared cell by cell.
- Before
- 2016-01-08
- After
- 2024-12-31
- Area analysed
- 316 km²
Change
+2.5 km²net change in built-up area
In cells the model is sure of on both dates (confidence ≥ 0.8): 1.2 km² became built-up, 4.1 km² changed in total.
Part of the image is cloudy or missing; results are unreliable there.
This area lies in the Serra da Mantiquiera mountain region. Bare rock and scree have no class of their own in EuroSAT and can show up as built-up or agriculture.
Land cover on both dates
| 2016 | 2024 | ± | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture no notable change | 0.3% | 0% | -0.3 |
| Natural vegetation no notable change | 4.1% | 3.2% | -0.9 |
| Built-up no notable change | 95.6% | 96.4% | +0.8 |
| Water no notable change | 0% | 0.4% | +0.4 |
Largest transitions (confident cells)
- Built-up → Natural vegetation2 km²
- Natural vegetation → Built-up1.2 km²
- Built-up → Water0.8 km²
Limits
- Every value shown is a model estimate, not a measurement.
- Areas are not measurements but approximations counted from cells. The figures are always computed on 640 m cells; the scale only changes how the map is drawn.
- The model was trained on European images only; results for places tagged "experimental" are less reliable.
- Clouds, shadows and seasonal differences can show change that is not there.