Kocaeli (Izmit): land change, 2016–2025
Two Sentinel-2 satellite images of a 20 km square around Kocaeli (Izmit), from 2016-06-24 and 2025-07-22, were classified by a ResNet18 model trained on EuroSAT. Every 640 m cell is put in one of four land-cover groups, and the two dates are compared cell by cell.
- Before
- 2016-06-24
- After
- 2025-07-22
- Area analysed
- 374 km²
Change
+37.7 km²net change in built-up area
In cells the model is sure of on both dates (confidence ≥ 0.8): 13.1 km² became built-up, 16.8 km² changed in total.
The model is undecided on this scene; treat the results with caution.
Land cover on both dates
| 2016 | 2025 | ± | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture decreased | 9.5% | 7.4% | -2.1 |
| Natural vegetation decreased | 54.1% | 45.9% | -8.2 |
| Built-up increased | 26.3% | 36.4% | +10.1 |
| Water no notable change | 10.1% | 10.3% | +0.2 |
Largest transitions (confident cells)
- Natural vegetation → Built-up9.8 km²
- Agriculture → Built-up3.3 km²
- Built-up → Natural vegetation1.6 km²
- Natural vegetation → Agriculture1.2 km²
- Agriculture → Natural vegetation0.4 km²
Limits
- Every value shown is a model estimate, not a measurement.
- Areas are not measurements but approximations counted from cells. The figures are always computed on 640 m cells; the scale only changes how the map is drawn.
- The model was trained on European images; results outside Europe are less reliable.
- Clouds, shadows and seasonal differences can show change that is not there.